Coonhound paralysis (also known as acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis) is a neurologic syndrome that results in inflammation and degeneration of the covering of nerves in the body. This disease is very similar to the human disease Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Coonhound paralysis can be caused by raccoon exposure, prior infection, vaccinations, or it may have no inciting cause.
The symptoms of coonhound paralysis include rapidly progressing weakness, starting with the hind limbs and progressing to the forelimbs. Sometimes the muscles of respiration are affected, but not always. Most dogs do not experience any bowel or bladder incontinence as these nerves are not affected. Prognosis for dogs with coonhound paralysis is good. Often dogs will recover within 6 weeks, but sometimes it can take months for a dog to fully recover.
Diagnosis of coonhound paralysis is made based on clinical signs and ruling out other diseases. A neurologic specialist may be able to take electrical measurements of nerves to assess how well the nerves are able to transmit signals.
Rehabilitation is recommended during all stages of coonhound paralysis. In the beginning, we focus on passive range of motion of the joints and stretching to prevent muscle contractures. We use modalities such as laser, ultrasound, and PEMF to help decrease inflammation and promote nerve healing. Respiratory therapies such as percussion techniques and postural drainage can be used to help prevent pneumonia.
As your dog regains muscle function, rehabilitation focuses on supporting and promoting this return. First we focus on bringing back proprioception, which is the ability to sense where the body is in space. Once proprioception is improved we work on stability. We start with positional balance exercises and then progress into dynamic movements. We then focus on increasing strength of the limbs and core muscles for full return to function. This includes learning how to hold a sternal position, a sitting position, and a standing position. We also work on transitions such as moving from a sit into a stand or a stand into a down, as these are essential for the dog to be able to get up and walk independently. Sometimes we may incorporate assistive devices such as wheelchairs or harnesses to support your dog while they are learning to walk again.
